Overview
De Vulgari Eloquentia is a 2-5 player strategy game set in late-medieval Italy, during the birth of the Italian vernacular language (Volgare). Players travel across the Italian peninsula as merchants, collecting manuscripts, gaining the support of politicians, noblemen, abbesses, and scribes, and pursuing cultural and economic advancement. Players may choose to remain merchants or convert to friars and later cardinals, each with unique benefits and restrictions. The game lasts 13-16 turns and the player with the most Volgare Points (VP) wins.
Components
- 1 Game Board (map of Italy with action tracks)
- 1 Manuscript Board
- 11 Brown wooden cubes (Politicians)
- 7 Blue wooden cubes (Noblemen)
- 20 Pink wooden cubes (Abbesses)
- 11 Turquoise wooden cubes (Scribes)
- 1 Turn marker (purple)
- 100 Wooden discs (20 per player color)
- 5 Merchant meeples, 5 Friar meeples, 5 Cardinal meeples
- 6 Action markers
- 11 Event tiles, 5 Papal Event tiles
- 5 Canticle of the Sun tiles
- 5 Merchant tiles, 5 Friar tiles, 5 Cardinal tiles
- 10 Papal Library tiles
- 56 Manuscript tiles
- 5 Player screens, 5 Player aids
- 1 Cloth bag
- 33 Metal coins (5, 10, 50 Ducati denominations)
Setup
- Place the board and Manuscript board in the center.
- Place Event tiles on the Event track: tile 10 (Stupor Mundi) on space 10, then randomize the rest in numerical order starting from one randomly drawn tile.
- Place 5 Papal Event tiles randomly face-down on the last 5 Event track spaces.
- Fill the cloth bag with cubes (quantity depends on player count) and distribute them across the first 7 turns of the Cube track.
- Place Canticle tiles on the 5 Franciscan cities.
- Prepare Manuscript tiles (remove some per player count), shuffle by level, and display face-up tiles equal to player count (or player count minus 1 for 4-5 players).
- Shuffle Papal Library tiles face-down.
- Each player takes a Merchant meeple, Friar meeple, Cardinal meeple, 20 discs, a screen, player aid, 10 Ducati, and a random Merchant tile.
- Randomly determine player order. In reverse order, each player chooses a starting city (Catania, Taranto, Ancona, Torino, or Vicenza) and places their Merchant meeple.
- Place Knowledge markers (stacked in reverse player order) on the first space of the Knowledge track.
- First player takes the 5 Action markers.
Turn Structure
Each turn (except the first) has 4 phases:
1. Event Phase
Move the Turn marker to the next Event space. Place the Event tile on the map near its associated city. Redistribute unacquired cubes and refill Manuscript tiles.
2. Charity Phase (turns 2-11)
Friars receive 5 Ducati and Cardinals receive 10 Ducati from the wealthiest Merchant. If no Merchant is wealthier, Charity comes from the bank.
3. Player Order Phase
Reorder players in reverse Knowledge track order (least knowledge goes first). The player furthest on the Rest track becomes first player regardless.
4. Actions Phase
In player order, each player spends their Action points (5 per turn; 6 for Cardinal Muret). Each action can only be performed once per turn.
Actions
Each player has 5 Action points per turn (marked with purple discs). Available actions:
| Action |
Cost |
Effect |
| Movement |
1 AP per land step; 3 AP for sea travel |
Move character on the map. Costs 10 Ducati if using more than 1 AP. Sea travel between harbor cities of the same sea. |
| Manuscripts |
1-4 AP (equal to manuscript level) |
Take 1 Manuscript tile if in the correct dialect zone and Knowledge level is sufficient. |
| Politicians |
1 AP (1 cube) or 4 AP (2 cubes) + 30/60 Ducati |
Acquire brown cubes (value 3 for elections). Needed to become a Cardinal. |
| Noblemen |
1 AP (1 cube) or 4 AP (2 cubes) |
Acquire blue cubes (value 2 for elections). May discard for 20 Ducati each. |
| Abbesses |
1 AP (1 cube) or 4 AP (2 cubes) + 15/30 Ducati |
Acquire pink cubes (value 1 for elections). Free at Abbeys. Used for Canticle track. |
| Scribes |
1 AP (1 cube) or 4 AP (2 cubes) |
Acquire turquoise cubes (placed in front of screen). Convert at Abbeys to Knowledge (3 per cube) or VP (1 per cube at game end). |
| Psalter |
1 AP |
Gain 3 Knowledge (4 if last on Knowledge track). |
| Small Business |
1 AP |
Gain 10 Ducati. |
| Riddle from Verona |
1-5 AP |
Advance on Riddle track (must be in blue zone). Leader at game end scores 4-6 VP. |
| Messenger |
1-5 AP |
Advance on Messenger track. Reaching the end (costs 10 Ducati + 1 pink cube) activates Bologna. |
| Orient |
1-5 AP (Merchants only) |
Advance on Orient track. Reaching end: gain 10 Ducati per city with economic bonus. |
| Canticle of the Sun |
1-5 AP + 1 pink cube per AP |
Advance on Canticle track (must be in active Franciscan city). Leader scores 9 VP; second scores 6 VP. |
| Papal Library |
1-5 AP |
Advance on Papal Library track. Draw and keep Papal Library tiles at numbered positions. |
| Rest |
1-5 AP |
Advance on Rest track to secure first-player position next turn. |
Free Actions (no AP cost, before or after any action)
- City Bonus: Gain economic value (Merchants only) and/or cultural value from a city (once per game per city).
- Event Bonus: Gain Ducati or Knowledge from Event tiles at your location.
- Abbey: Convert all Scribe cubes to Knowledge or VP; acquire Abbesses for free.
- Convent: Merchant becomes a Friar (lose half Ducati; choose a Friar tile).
- Cathedral: Friar becomes a Cardinal (pay 40 Ducati + discard 1 brown or blue cube; choose a Cardinal tile).
- Papal Book: Draw Papal Library tiles if at valid track position.
Scoring / Victory Conditions
The game ends when the second red Papal Event tile is revealed (turns 12-16). The current turn is the final turn; all players move to Roma.
Final Election
Players discard cubes from behind their screen to be elected:
- Merchant → Banker: 7+ votes = 6 VP
- Friar → Benedictine Monk: 10+ votes = 11 VP
- Cardinal → Camerlengo: 11+ votes = 14 VP
- Cardinal → Pope: 17+ votes = 22 VP (only one player; highest Knowledge breaks ties)
Cube values: Brown = 3, Blue = 2, Pink = 1.
Volgare Points
- Player with most remaining cube value: 3 VP
- Turquoise cubes behind screen: 1 VP each
- Papal Library tiles: VP as shown
- Wealthiest Merchant: 6 VP (Friar/Cardinal: 3 VP)
- Riddle from Verona track leader: 4-6 VP
- Canticle track: 1st place 9 VP, 2nd place 6 VP
- Messenger track (completed + Bologna disc): 1 VP per city with cultural bonus
- Orient track (completed, Merchants): 1 VP per harbor city visited
- Manuscripts: VP equal to level (1-4); Lingua Volgare = 8 VP; complete set of 5 colors = 5 VP bonus
The player with the most VP wins. Tiebreaker: furthest on Knowledge track.
Special Rules & Edge Cases
- Character progression is one-way: Merchant → Friar → Cardinal. No going back.
- Friars and Cardinals cannot gain Ducati from City Bonuses or Event Bonuses. They earn Ducati only from Charity, Small Business, or trading Nobleman cubes.
- Cardinals cannot take the Orient action.
- Stupor Mundi Event (Turn 10): A player in Brindisi may summon others for a cube-bidding auction. Winner gains 10 Knowledge. If nobody accepts the summons, the summoner wins by default.
- Manuscript level shifting: When all manuscripts of the lowest available level are taken, remaining manuscripts shift up, reducing their AP cost. The Lingua Volgare (value 8) enters play at this point.
- Knowledge limits manuscripts: You can only take manuscripts with a level equal to or below your Knowledge level.
- Papal Library tiles are limited by Knowledge level. You may swap a new tile for a previously kept one.
- Ties on tracks: When two discs share a space, the bottom disc is considered more advanced.
- All turquoise cubes in front of your screen must be converted together (all to Knowledge or all to VP) at an Abbey.
Player Reference
Turn Phases: Event → Charity → Player Order → Actions
Action Points: 5 per turn (6 for Cardinal Muret)
Character Hierarchy: Merchant → Friar (at Convent) → Cardinal (at Cathedral, costs 40 Ducati + 1 brown/blue cube)
Cube Values (for elections): Brown=3, Blue=2, Pink=1
Key Tracks:
- Knowledge: determines manuscript access and tiebreaking
- Riddle from Verona: 4-6 VP for leader
- Canticle: 9 VP / 6 VP for 1st/2nd
- Messenger: activates Bologna, 1 VP per cultural city
- Orient (Merchants): 10 Ducati per economic city, 1 VP per harbor city
Win Condition: Most Volgare Points after Final Election